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Grand Valley Behavior Services and Consulting
Grand Valley Behavior Services and Consulting
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Behavior is communication!

In this video, you see a toddler and preschooler using challenging behaviors to try to get something they want.  You hear a parent struggling to find a way to support them.  It's common for little ones to have big feelings they are learning about.  How do we teach them to regulate these big feelings so they can access what they need or protest what they don't like?  


We use a combination of evidence-based behavior change procedures, chosen based on the unique needs of your child and family.

BEHAVIOR CHANGE PROCEDURES

Each child’s intervention is based on their unique strengths and needs and is composed of a comprehensive behavior treatment package, utilizing multiple components from the following behavior change procedures: 



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Stimulus fading is a method of transferring stimulus control that involves highlighting a physical dimension of a stimulus (ex. size, color, position) to increase the likelihood of a correct response and then gradually diminishing the exaggerated dimension until the learner is responding correctly to the naturally occurring stimulus. 

Stimuli: change of energy that effects an organism through receptor cells

Stimulus control: a situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus. 

Fading:  Changing antecedent stimuli, but the response stays the same

Shaping: The antecedent stimuli stays the same but the response changes 


In other words...

When we’re teaching your child a new skill, we make the correct answer very obvious, using cues such as size, color or position. Then, over time we slowly change or remove the cues used. 



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Chaining is a sequence of individual behavioral responses that, when “chained together,” form a terminal behavior.  There are 3 types of chaining. 

  • Forward = Teach the first step in the chain, then provide full support for the rest.
  • Backward = Provide full support for each step until the last, then teach that one.
  • Total task = Teach each step in the chain with minimal prompting. 


Behavioral momentum describes the resistance to change in a behavior’s rate of responding, following an alteration in reinforcement conditions. The momentum metaphor has also been used to describe the effects produced by the “high-probability (high-p) request sequence.  

High-probability request sequence is when a practitioner presents 2 to 5 easy-to-follow instructions for which the participant has a history of compliance. When the learner complies with several high-p instructions in sequence, the practitioner immediately gives the target instruction (low-p behavior).  



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Verbal behavior training teaches learners to use communication and language by connecting words with their function. According to Skinner, verbal behavior can be broken down into parts or “operants” known as manding, tacting, intraverbals and echoics. During verbal behavior training, a known reinforcer is typically given to the client after a successful attempt is made as defined by their provider.  

Mand: The speaker communicates what they want or need 
Tact: The speaker labels something within their environment 
Echoic: The speaker repeats what is heard 
Intraverbal: The speaker responds to another speaker conversationally 


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Negative Punishment: The termination or removal of a pleasant stimulus immediately following a behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future. 

Positive Punishment: The presentation of a stimulus immediately following a behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future.  


In other words...

Negative Punishment: Taking something away that makes the behavior less likely to happen in the future. 

Positive Punishment: Adding something that makes the behavior less likely to happen in the future. 


Examples: 

If you are playing with your child and they hit you, you walk away, so the future hitting behavior doesn’t happen as often (negative punishment).

 - or - 

If your child runs away from you in the candy store, you bring them back to where they ran from and have them practice asking to go look at what they want to see so they are less likely to do this again in the future (positive punishment). 


We only use punishment procedures after having exhausted our reinforcement procedures and/or in conjunction with reinforcement procedures. 


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